EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Today's 15% Off Specials & #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com!

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Newspaper Publishing History Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5: National Cartoonists Day: -- If for you the papers are less about the news and more about the comic strip, then National Cartoonists Day is your day! This day is held in remembrance of the first comic strip featured in a newspaper (more on that later). It also honors all cartoonists, past and present, and their amazing creations. In 1943, a bunch of cartoonists - Gus Edson, Otto Soglow, Clarence D. Russell, Bob Dunn, and others - did small cartoon shows in hospitals to entertain the troops during the Second World War. The group expanded and performed across hospitals and various military bases. Then, while flying to one of the military bases, Clarence D. Russell suggested the group form a club so they could keep meeting even after World War II ended. And so, the National Cartoonists Society (N.C.S.) was born in 1946. They launched a celebration in 1999 and called it National Cartoonists Day. It was a dedication to all cartoonists and the cartoons they created. News articles credited two co-chairpersons from the National Cartoonists Day Committee, Polly Keener and Ken Alvine, for this idea. This special event was inspired by the first color newspaper cartoon called "Hogan's Alley." On May 5, 1895, the Sunday morning paper held a little surprise for its readers. Readers of the New York World discovered a single-strip, full-color drawing of a big-eared, barefoot little boy with a mischievous grin. Created by American comic strip writer and artist Richard Outcault, this comic strip (called "Hogan's Alley," and later, "The Yellow Kid") became the very first commercially successful cartoon. This famous character soon appeared on postcards, billboards, cigarette packs, and other product advertisements. The name itself, "The Yellow Kid," reportedly inspired the phrase 'yellow journalism,' although there is little evidence to prove this. Side note: 'Yellow journalism' refers to newspapers that don't rely on facts but instead sell newspapers through catchy headlines and exaggerations. By the end of "The Yellow Kid" series in 1898, cartoons were a popular newspaper feature. As a result, the demand for talented cartoonists and illustrators also subsequently increased. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/newspaper-publishing-history-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Tommy: The Who In Concert 1989 DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5: National Concert Day: -- A musical event created by Live Nation in 2015 to celebrate the fans, artists, and the crew behind live concert performances. It marks the beginning of the summer concert season in the U.S. The event features performances from huge industry icons and famous music bands. There sure is a lot of excitement in the air today! Live Nation Entertainment, who initiated National Concert Day, is a merger between two original companies. In 2009, the first Live Nation, a concert promotion firm, and a ticketing company, Ticketmaster, reached an agreement to merge. The new company received regulatory approval and was named Live Nation Entertainment. Although the merger was first approved in Norway and Turkey, several fans, artists, and regulators had opposed it, with The United Kingdom's Competition Commission ruling against the merger. However, on January 25, 2010, the United States Justice Department approved the merger, pending a few momentarily prohibitions, and Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. was established. Live Nation Concerts is currently the largest producer of music concerts in the United States and internationally - producing over 20,000 shows annually for about 3,000 artists globally. It also owns and operates many entertainment venues and acts as a music recording label. National Concert Day was established in 2015 and held for the first time in May. It was a day to honor the commencement of the summer concert season, as well as the musicians, record companies, tour managers, and everyone else who works to ensure that fans may enjoy live music. Live Nation held a concert at Irving Plaza in New York City during the first year of the holiday. That year, they also held a Kickoff to Summer Ticket Sale, offering more than a million concert tickets for 20USD National Concert Day tickets. In 2020, the pandemic brought quite a pause to the public celebration of this event as lockdown restrictions were placed across the country, extending to 2021. We are all expecting to see a massive turn-up from fans from this year on. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/tommy-the-who-in-concert-live-dvd-universal-amphitheater-890824.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Glories Of Medieval Art: The Cloisters DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5: Museum Lover's Day: -- A day when all appreciators of museums come together to celebrate their favorite place to hang out, spend their time, or check out different kinds of art and expositions! Museums have been around since the ancient world. They are buildings in which objects of great historical and cultural value are safely kept and displayed to the public. The first site to be considered a museum was found by archeologists who date it back to 500 B.C. and it's located in modern Iraq. Another ancient museum is the Museum of Alexandria, which was connected to the Library of Alexandria. Its architecture inspired the one you see in museums built during the Renaissance. During the Age of Enlightenment, many museums were founded to preserve historical artifacts and pieces that contributed to the development of humanity as a whole. In Europe, universities were responsible for founding some of the most important museums which exist to this day, such as the British Museum and the Ashmolean Museum. In the United States, several museums began to appear a while later, with multiple items from across the globe. There are many controversies involving the true ownership of certain items displayed in European and American exhibitions, as a lot of them originate from different countries than the museums themselves. Museums take a lot of staff. Historians, educators, curators, and artists are all a part of the management of a museum. These people are entrusted with the task of preserving not only the objects displayed but the museum's structure itself. These environments are considered to be safe havens, especially because of the importance of the items they hold and are kept safe by the Blue Shield International organization during times of conflict and war. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/glories-of-medieval-art-the-cloisters-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Wisdom Of The Dream: Carl Jung A Life Of Dreams DVD, Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5: National Silence The Shame Day: -- A chance to bring positive awareness about mental health to a wider audience as well as erase the stigma associated with it. The Hip-Hop Foundation, led by former music executive Shanti Das, founded 'Silence the Shame,' a mental health education and awareness non-profit group. Activities like outreach programs and wellness training hope to ease the shame associated with mental illness as well as provide mental well-being support. This gave birth to National Silence the Shame Day. Having good mental health doesn't just mean you don't have any mental disorders. It is also determined by our ability to cope with stress, relate to others, work productively, and contribute to the community. It's important at every stage in life, from childhood to adulthood. Both mental and physical health are equally essential factors in determining our overall health. A person's mental health can vary over time. For example, depression can increase the risk for various types of physical health problems, like heart disease and stroke. Similarly, the presence of chronic physical conditions may lead to mental illness. Poor mental health can result when someone is unable to cope with the demands of life, such as economic difficulties or working long hours. Mental illnesses are one of the most common health issues we face today. A report prepared by the U.S.-based Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) found that one out of 20 adults experiences serious mental illness each year. According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at least one in every 25 American lives with a serious mental illness, such as bipolar disorder, major depression, or schizophrenia. Chemical imbalances in the brain, adverse experiences, such as trauma or abuse, chronic medical conditions, and feelings of isolation can cause mental illnesses. Many experiencing mental health challenges don't have access to affordable care. Those who may have access suffer quietly due to the stigma involved. That's why education and awareness is vital to help those who suffer in silence get the help they need. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-wisdom-of-the-dream-carl-jung--a-life-of-dreams-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Pyramids Sphinx & Cities Of Ancient Egypt MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5: African World Heritage Day: -- -- An opportunity for people around the world to celebrate Africa! Africa is the world's second-largest continent. Some of the biggest threats facing Africa include climate change, uncontrolled development, disease, civil unrest, and poaching. Unfortunately, many of Africa's cultural and natural wonders are at risk of losing universal value. Because of the threats facing this diverse continent, it's more important than ever to protect and preserve their heritage. The continent is home to the largest reserves of precious metals in the world. One more amazing fact about Africa is that it contains the world's largest hot desert, the Sahara. This desert is 3.6 million square miles, which is comparable to China or the continental United States. People around the world, especially those in Africa, celebrate this day in various ways. Events include the African World Heritage Youth Forum, cultural presentations, and an Instagram photo contest! In November 2015, The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) proclaimed May 5th as African World Heritage Day. They chose May 5th as it marked the anniversary of the African World Heritage Fund. This initiative was launched in 2006 to support the conservation and protection of Africa's natural and cultural heritage. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/pyspciofaneg.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Triumph Of The West 13 Part TV Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5: World Portuguese Language Day: -- Dedicated to highlighting the Portuguese language. It plays a role in bringing the Portuguese people together and in preserving their culture and identity. Portuguese is one of the most widespread languages in the world. It has more than 265 million speakers across the globe and is the most widely spoken language in the Southern Hemisphere. This makes the Portuguese language the sixth most spoken language in the world. Let's take a look at the history, rich culture, and the effect of the Portuguese language on the rest of the world. The Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries (C.P.LP.), an intergovernmental organization, set the date of May 5 as World Portuguese Language Day. C.P.L.P. has been in official partnership with UNESCO since 2000. However, it was only in 2019, in the 40th session of UNESCO's General Conference, that they decided to proclaim May 5 as World Portuguese Language Day. The roots of the Portuguese language are based in Galician. This was the native language of the community that dwelled in the north of Portugal and the northwest of Spain. Galician was a mix of local dialects and common Latin. After years, the language evolved and around the 14th century, Portuguese emerged as the descendant language. People who speak the Portuguese language are called Lusophone. Today, the majority of Lusophones live in Brazil. One of the interesting things about the Portuguese language is that there are regional variations in the Portuguese language, with differences in word usage and meanings. Another thing to note about the Portuguese language is that it only had 23 letters until 2009 because the letters "K," "W" and "Y" were not a part of the Portuguese language. It was only in 2009 that the Portuguese-speaking countries came together to sign a new "Orthographic Agreement" and introduced these letters. Many English words have their origins in the Portugal language. Some words include 'mosquito,' 'cobra,' 'fetish,' 'monsoon,' 'mango,' 'macaw,' 'coconut,' and 'breeze.' On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/triumph-of-the-west-tv-series-5-dual-layer-dvds-all-13-sh513.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Outer Space Films 1 Project Mercury Start To Finish DVD, Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5: National Astronaut Day: -- May 5, 1961: Outer Space Firsts: Rocket Launches: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Age: Space Programs Of The United States: Human Spaceflight Programs: Project Mercury: Mercury-Redstone 3 (MR-3, Freedom 7): -- Alan Shepard becomes the first man to go into space and return to earth in the same vehicle, and the first American in space. He piloted the spacecraft Freedom 7 during a 15-minute 28-second suborbital flight that reached an altitude of 116 miles (186 kilometers) above the earth. He was launched into space atop the Mercury-Redstone 3 launch vehicle Redstone MRLV MR-7 from the Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 5 (LC-5) at 14:34:13 UTC, and was recovered by aircraft carrier USS Lake Champlain at 14:49:35 UTC in the North Atlantic Ocean. Shepard's success occurred 23 days after the Russians had launched the first-ever human in space, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, during an era of intense technological competition between the Russians and Americans called the Space Race. In honor of this first true round trip human space flight, National Astronaut Day is observed on May 5th to celebrate Astronauts as true heroes. The day's mission is to inspire everyone to "reach for the stars" by sharing "out of this world" Astronaut stories and experiences. By sharing the incredible stories, experiences, and perspectives of actual Astronauts, the mission of National Astronaut Day inspires us ALL to follow our dreams. The day includes both future Astronauts and those who seek to keep their feet on the ground! On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/outer-space-films-1-project-mercury-start-to-finish-dv1.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Mongol Hordes: Storm From The East TV Series DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1260: The Mongol Empire: Royal Accessions: Successions To The Throne Of The Mongol Empire: -- Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire. Kublai (September 23, 1215 - February 18, 1294) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position). He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294. Kublai was the fourth son of Tolui (his second son with Sorghaghtani Beki) and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He succeeded his older brother Mongke as Khagan in 1260, but had to defeat his younger brother Ariq Boke in the Toluid Civil War lasting until 1264. This episode marked the beginning of disunity in the empire. Kublai's real power was limited to China and Mongolia, though as Khagan he still had influence in the Ilkhanate and, to a significantly lesser degree, in the Golden Horde. If one counts the Mongol Empire at that time as a whole, his realm reached from the Pacific Ocean to the Black Sea, from Siberia to what is now Afghanistan. In 1271, Kublai established the Yuan dynasty, which ruled over present-day Mongolia, China, Korea, and some adjacent areas, and assumed the role of Emperor of China. By 1279, the Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty was completed and Kublai became the first non-Han emperor to conquer all of China. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-mongol-hordes-storm-from-the-east-tv-series-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The French Revolution Series + Irish Rebellion & You Are There MP4 DVD
Today, May 5, 2026

General Of 1789 (French: Etats Generaux De 1789): -- The Estates-General, general assembly representing the French estates of the realm -- the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the commoners (Third Estate) -- convenes for the first time since 1614, some 175 years prior. It was the last of the Estates General of the Kingdom of France. Summoned by King Louis XVI, the Estates General of 1789 ended when the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and, against the wishes of the King, invited the other two estates to join - signaling the outbreak of the French Revolution. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-french-revolution-dvd-3-part-tv-documentary-serie3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The World: A Television History Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1818: #BOTD: Karl Marx, German philosopher, economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist, founder of modern Communism (d. March 14, 1883) is #born in Trier, Germany into a middle-class family that was originally non-religious Jewish, but had converted formally to Christianity before his birth. Marx studied law and Hegelian philosophy. Due to his political publications, Marx became stateless and lived in exile in London, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German thinker Friedrich Engels and publish his writings. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet, The Communist Manifesto, and the three-volume Das Kapital. His political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic and political history and his name has been used as an adjective, a noun and a school of social theory. Marx's theories about society, economics and politics - collectively understood as Marxism - hold that human societies develop through class struggle. In capitalism, this manifests itself in the conflict between the ruling classes (known as the bourgeoisie) that control the means of production and the working classes (known as the proletariat) that enable these means by selling their labour power in return for wages. Employing a critical approach known as historical materialism, Marx predicted that, like previous socio-economic systems, capitalism produced internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system: socialism. For Marx, class antagonisms under capitalism, owing in part to its instability and crisis-prone nature, would eventuate the working class' development of class consciousness, leading to their conquest of political power and eventually the establishment of a classless, communist society constituted by a free association of producers. Marx actively pressed for its implementation, arguing that the working class should carry out organised revolutionary action to topple capitalism and bring about socio-economic emancipation. Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and his work has been both lauded and criticised. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labour and its relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. Many intellectuals, labour unions, artists and political parties worldwide have been influenced by Marx's work, with many modifying or adapting his ideas. Marx is typically cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science. Karl Marx died at the age of 64 of a combination of bronchitis and pleurisy caused by the catarrh (an inflammation of the mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body, usually with reference to the throat and paranasal sinuses) from which he suffered for the last 15 months of his life. He is buried in The Tomb Of Karl Marx stands in The Eastern Cemetery of Highgate Cemetery, North London, England. #KarlMarx #Philosophy #Philosophers #Economics #Economists #Historians #Politics #PoliticalPhilosophy #Sociology #Sociologists #Socialism #Socialists #Marxism #Marxists #RevolutionarySocialism #RevolutionarySocialists #Revolutionaries #Journalists #Communism #Communists #Trier #Hegelianism #Statelessness #FriedrichEngels #ClassConflict #ClassStruggle #ClassWarfare #HistoricalMaterialism #CrisisTheory #ClassConsciousness #FreeAssociation #Emancipation #SocialScience #DasKapital #TheCommunistManifesto #ItWasAFakeMoustache #PeopleOnTheCoverOfSgtPepper #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-world-a-television-history-4-dual-layer-dvds-all-26-sh426.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Ulysses S. Grant & The Battle Of The Wilderness DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1864: The American Civil War (The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Eastern Theater Of The American Civil War: The Overland Campaign (Grant's Overland Campaign, The Wilderness Campaign): The Battle Of The Wilderness: -- The first battle of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's and General George Meade's 1864 Virginia Overland Campaign against Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War begins. The Battle Of The Wilderness was fought from May 5 to May 7, 1864. Both armies suffered heavy casualties, around 5,000 men killed in total, a harbinger of a bloody war of attrition by Grant against Lee's army and, eventually, the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia. The battle was tactically inconclusive, as Grant disengaged and continued his offensive. Grant attempted to move quickly through the dense underbrush of The Wilderness Forest in Spotsylvania, but Lee launched two of his corps on parallel roads to intercept him. On the morning of May 5, the Union V Corps under Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren attacked the Confederate Second Corps, commanded by Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, on the Orange Turnpike. That afternoon the Third Corps, commanded by Lt. Gen. A. P. Hill, encountered Brig. Gen. George W. Getty's division (VI Corps) and Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock's II Corps on the Orange Plank Road. Fighting until dark was fierce but inconclusive as both sides attempted to maneuver in the dense woods. At dawn on May 6, Hancock attacked along the Plank Road, driving Hill's Corps back in confusion, but the First Corps of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet arrived in time to prevent the collapse of the Confederate right flank. Longstreet followed up with a surprise flanking attack from an unfinished railroad bed that drove Hancock's men back to the Brock Road, but the momentum was lost when Longstreet was wounded by his own men. An evening attack by Brig. Gen. John B. Gordon against the Union right flank caused consternation at Union headquarters, but the lines stabilized and fighting ceased. On May 7, Grant disengaged and moved to the southeast, intending to leave the Wilderness to interpose his army between Lee and Richmond, leading to the bloody Battle Of Spotsylvania Court House. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/ulysses-s-grant-amp-the-battle-of-the-wilderness-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Remember When Page One Journalism History Dick Cavett MP4 Download DVD
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1864: #BOTD: #HBD! Nellie Bly (pen name of Elizabeth Cochran), American investigative journalist, industrialist, inventor, and charity worker, pioneer in the field of journalism generally and of a new kind of investigative journalism particularly (d. January 27, 1922) is #born Elizabeth Jane Cochran in Cochran's Mills, now part of Burrell Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania; her father, Michael Cochran, born about 1810, started out as a laborer and mill worker before buying the local mill and most of the land surrounding his family farmhouse; he later became a merchant, postmaster, and associate justice at Cochran's Mills (which was named after him) in Pennsylvania. On November 14, 1889, Nellie Bly set out from Hoboken, New Jersey to beat the record of Jules Verne's imaginary hero Phileas Fogg, who traveled around the world in 80 days. Nellie Bly returned on January 25th in a time of 72 days, 6 hours and 11 minutes to Jersey City near Exchange Place at 3:51PM, setting a new world record, to a tumultuous welcome at Exchange Place train station. Her account of her journey was Joseph Pulitzer's tabloid newspaper, the New York World. In 1888, Bly suggested to her editor at Joseph Pulitzer's tabloid newspaper, the New York World. that she take a trip around the world, attempting to turn the fictional Around the World in Eighty Days (1873) into fact for the first time. A year later, at 9:40 a.m. on November 14, 1889, and with two days' notice, she boarded the Augusta Victoria, a steamer of the Hamburg America Line,[28] and began her 40,070 kilometer journey. To sustain interest in the story, the World organized a "Nellie Bly Guessing Match" in which readers were asked to estimate Bly's arrival time to the second, with the Grand Prize consisting at first of a trip to Europe and, later on, spending money for the trip. During her travels around the world, Bly went through England, France (where she met Jules Verne in Amiens), Brindisi, the Suez Canal, Colombo (Ceylon), the Straits Settlements of Penang and Singapore, Hong Kong, and Japan. Just over seventy-two days after her departure from Hoboken, Bly was back in New York. She had circumnavigated the globe, traveling alone for almost the entire journey. Bly's journey was a world record, though it only stood for a few months, until entrepreneur, eccentric and misogynist George Francis Train completed the journey in 67 days. Around the World in Seventy-Two Days is an 1890 book by Nellie Bly that details her trip. As well as this achievement, Nellie Bly is also known for her expose in which she worked undercover to report from within on a mental institution, The New York Lunatic Asylum on Roosevelt Island, which she wrote about in Ten Days In A Mad-House (1887). This expose launched a new kind of investigative journalism. Nellie Bly died of pneumonia at St. Mark's Hospital, New York City, aged 57. She is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City. On June 22, 1978, The New York Press Club dedicated a new headstone for her grave "To Elizabeth Cochrne Seaman" (sic). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/remember-when-page-one-dvd-journalism-history-dick-cavett.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: New York City History Documentary Collection MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1891: Grand Openings: Theatre Grand Openings: Music Hall Openings: -- The Music Hall in New York City, later known as Carnegie Hall, opens with its first public performance, with Tchaikovsky as the guest conductor, where he performed his Symphony No. 6 as well as a number of other pieces. Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States, located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street, two blocks south of Central Park. Designed by architect William Burnet Tuthill and built by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie in 1891, it is one of the most prestigious venues in the world for both classical music and popular music. Carnegie Hall has its own artistic programming, development, and marketing departments, and presents about 250 performances each season. It is also rented out to performing groups. Carnegie Hall has 3,671 seats, divided among its three auditoriums. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/new-york-city-history-videos-3-dvd-se3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: America: The Second Century Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1893: Economics: Markets (Economics): Financial Markets: Exchanges (Bourses, Trading Exchanges, Trading Venues): Stock Exchanges (Securities Exchanges, Bourses): Stock Markets (Equity Markets, Share Markets): Financial Crises: Financial Crises In The United States: Stock Market Crashes: Stock Market Crashes In The United States: Economic Crises: Economic Crises In The United States: Financial Markets Of The United States ("Wall Street"): The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, The Big Board): The Panic Of 1893 (The Wall Street Crash Of 1893): -- Frenzied New York Stock Exchange stockbrokers panic on a Friday morning as stock prices fall dramatically, sparking The Panic Of 1893, an economic depression in the United States that began in 1893 and ended in 1897. It deeply affected every sector of the economy and produced political upheaval that led to the political realignment of 1896 and the presidency of William McKinley. During the Gilded Age of the 1870's and 1880's, the United States had experienced economic growth and expansion, but much of this expansion depended on high international commodity prices. In 1893, wheat prices crashed. As concern for the state of the economy deepened, people rushed to withdraw their money from banks, and caused bank runs. The credit crunch rippled through the economy. A financial panic in London combined with a drop in continental European trade caused foreign investors to sell American stocks to obtain American funds backed by gold. By the end of the year, 600 banks closed and several big railroads were in receivership, and another 15,000 businesses went bankrupt amid 20 percent unemployment. It resulted in a serious economic depression in the United States that lasted until 1897. It was the worst economic crisis in U.S. history up to that time, and it deeply affected every sector of the economy, and produced political upheaval that led to the realigning election of 1896 and the presidency of William McKinley. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/america-the-second-century-us-2nd-100-years-history-621006.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Amos 'N' Andy Radio Shows MP3 Set DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1899: #BOTD: #HBD! Freeman Gosden, popularly known as Gozzie Gosden, American radio comedian and pioneer in the development of the situation comedy form, best known as the voice of Amos and George "The Kingfish" Stevens on the Amos 'n' Andy radio series (d. December 10, 1982) is #born Freeman Fisher Gosden in Richmond, Virginia, the son of Emma L. (Smith) and Walter W. Gosden Sr. While attending school in Richmond, Gozzie worked part-time in Tarrant's Drug Store at 1 West Broad Street. During World War I, he served in the United States Navy as a wireless operator, which prompted his great interest with the young medium of radio. During 1921, Gosden first teamed with Charles Correll to do radio work, presenting comedy acts and hosting variety programs. They had met in Durham, North Carolina, both working for the Joe Bren Producing Company. Their first regular series was begun during 1925 with their WEBH Chicago program Correll and Gosden, the Life of the Party. For this program, the two told jokes, sang, and played music (Correll played piano and Gosden ukulele or banjo). During 1926, Gosden and Correll had a success with their radio program Sam 'n' Henry broadcast by Chicago radio station WGN. Sam & Henry is considered by some historians to have been the first situation comedy. From 1928 to 1960, Gosden and Correll broadcast their program Amos 'n' Andy, which was one of the most famous and popular radio series of the 1930s. Gosden voiced the characters "Amos", "George 'Kingfish' Stevens", "Lightning", "Brother Crawford", and some dozen other characters. During 1961-1962, Gosden and Correll provided the voices for the animated television series Calvin and the Colonel broadcast by American Broadcasting Company-TV. During 1969, Gosden was honored with a symbolic star shape on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work for radio. During 1974 Gosden was living in Palm Springs, California and was the best man for Frank Sinatra's 1976 wedding to his fourth and final wife, Barbara Marx. During 1977, Gosden was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame along with Correll. Freeman Gosden died of congestive heart failure in Los Angeles, California at the age of 83. His remains were cremated; the final disposition of his ashes are unknown other than that they were given to his family or a friend. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/amos-39n39-andy-radio-mp3-dvd-complete-broad39393.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hollywood Without Make-Up: Film Star Home Movies DVD MP4 Download USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1914: #BOTD: #HBD! Tyrone Power, American actor, singer, soldier, aircraft pilot and producer (d. November 15, 1958) is #born Tyrone Edmund Power III in Cincinnati, Ohio, son of Helen Emma "Patia" (nee Reaume) and the Irish-ancestry English-born US stage and screen actor Tyrone Power Sr., often known by his first name "Fred". From the 1930s to the 1950s, Power appeared in dozens of films, often in swashbuckler roles or romantic leads. His better-known films include The Mark of Zorro, Marie Antoinette, Blood and Sand, The Black Swan, Prince of Foxes, Witness for the Prosecution, The Black Rose, and Captain from Castile. Power's own favorite film among those that he starred in was Nightmare Alley. Though largely a matinee idol in the 1930s and early 1940s and known for his striking looks, Power starred in films in a number of genres, from drama to light comedy. In the 1950s he began placing limits on the number of films he would make in order to devote more time for theater productions. He received his biggest accolades as a stage actor in John Brown's Body and Mister Roberts. Power died from a heart attack at the age of 44. In August 1942, Power enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He attended boot camp at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, then Officer's Candidate School at Marine Corps Base Quantico, where he was commissioned a second lieutenant on June 2, 1943. As he had already logged 180 solo hours as a pilot before enlisting, he was able to do a short, intense flight training program at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas. The pass earned him his wings and a promotion to first lieutenant. The Marine Corps considered Power over the age limit for active combat flying, so he volunteered for piloting cargo planes that he felt would get him into active combat zones. In July 1944, Power was assigned to Marine Transport Squadron (VMR)-352 as a R5C (Navy version of Army Curtiss Commando C-46) transport co-pilot at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina. The squadron moved to Marine Corps Air Station El Centro in California in December 1944. Power was later reassigned to VMR-353, joining them on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands in February 1945. From there, he flew missions carrying cargo in and wounded Marines out during the Battles of Iwo Jima (Feb-Mar 1945) and Okinawa (Apr-Jun 1945). For his services in the Pacific War, Power was awarded the American Campaign Medal, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two bronze stars, and the World War II Victory Medal. Power returned to the United States in November 1945 and was released from active duty in January 1946. He was promoted to the rank of captain in the reserves on May 8, 1951. He remained in the reserves the rest of his life and reached the rank of major in 1957. In the June 2001 Marine Air Transporter newsletter, Jerry Taylor, a retired Marine Corps flight instructor, recalled training Power as a Marine pilot, saying, "He was an excellent student, never forgot a procedure I showed him or anything I told him." Others who served with him have also commented on how well Power was respected by those with whom he served. Tyrone Power died at age 44 of fulminant angina pectoris (insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle) while being transported to a Madrid hospital during the filming of the epic Solomon and Sheba. In September 1958, Power and his wife Deborah traveled to Madrid and Valdespartera, Spain, to make the film, directed by King Vidor and costarring Gina Lollobrigida. Probably affected by hereditary heart disease, and a chain smoker who smoked three to four packs a day, Power had filmed about 75% of his scenes when he was stricken by a massive heart attack while filming a dueling scene with his frequent costar and friend George Sanders. Power was interred at Hollywood Forever Cemetery (then known as Hollywood Cemetery) with a full military honor service on November 21. Power was interred beside a small lake. His grave is marked with a gravestone in the form of a marble bench containing the masks of comedy and tragedy with the inscription "Good night, sweet prince." At Power's grave, Laurence Olivier read the poem "High Flight", a 1941 sonnet written by war poet John Gillespie Magee Jr. and inspired by his experiences as a fighter pilot of the Royal Canadian Air Force in World War II. Power's will, filed on December 8, 1958, contained a then-unusual provision that his eyes be donated to the Estelle Doheny Eye Foundation for corneal transplantation or retinal study. His wife Deborah Power gave birth to a son on January 22, 1959, two months after her husband's death. She remarried within the year to producer Arthur Loew Jr.. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/hollywood-without-makeup-dvd-film-star-home-movies.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Z (1969) Grigoris Lambrakis & The Greek Generals Coup Of 1967 MP4 DVD
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1919: #BOTD: Georgios Papadopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, 169th Prime Minister of Greece (d. June 27, 1999) is #born in Elaiohori, a small village in the Prefecture of Achaea in the Peloponnese, Kingdom Of Greece. On April 21, 1967, a few days before the general election in Greece, Colonel George Papadopoulos leads a coup d'etat, establishing a military regime known as the Greek Military Junta Of 1967-74 that lasted for seven years. Commonly known as the Regime of the Colonels, or in Greece simply The Junta, The Dictatorship and The Seven Years, The Greek Military Junta Of 1967-1974 was a series of far-right military juntas that ruled Greece following the 1967 Greek coup d'etat led by a group of colonels on 21 April 1967. The dictatorship ended on July 24, 1974 under the pressure of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The fall of the junta was followed by the Metapolitefsi (the transitional period from the fall of the dictatorship to the 1974 legislative elections and the democratic period immediately after these elections) and the establishment of the Third Hellenic Republic (formed after both the fall of Greek military junta and final the abolition of the Greek monarchy), which rules up to the present day. Papadopoulos showed no remorse for his actions, and steadfastly refused to apply for parole or amnesty or to use the leniency provisions that allowed him to be released on the grounds of ill health, as did several of his associates, such as Makarezos and Zoitakis. In the summer of 1996, his health deteriorated and he was diagnosed with ALS and bladder cancer, resulting in his being hospitalized for three years in an Athens hospital until his death on June 27, 1999. He was buried in First Cemetery of Athens three days later, in the presence of old associates and regime sympathisers. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/z-1969-dvd-yves-montand-irene-papas-jeanlouis-trintig1969.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Age Of Ballyhoo: The 1920s With Gloria Swanson DVD, Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1920: Anti-Communism In The United States: Red Scare: The First Red Scare: Sacco And Vanzetti: -- Authorities arrest Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti for alleged robbery and murder. They were later convicted of murdering a guard and a paymaster during the April 15, 1920 armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States. They were executed in the electric chair seven years later at Charlestown State Prison. Both men adhered to an anarchist movement that advocated relentless warfare against a violent and oppressive government. A series of appeals followed, funded largely by the private Sacco And Vanzetti Defense Committee. The appeals were based on recanted testimony, conflicting ballistics evidence, a prejudicial pre-trial statement by the jury foreman, and a confession by an alleged participant in the robbery. All appeals were denied by trial judge Webster Thayer and also later denied by the Massachusetts State Supreme Court. By 1926, the case had drawn worldwide attention. As details of the trial and the men's suspected innocence became known, Sacco And Vanzetti became the center of one of the largest causes celebres in modern history. In 1927, protests on their behalf were held in every major city in North America and Europe, as well as in Tokyo, Sydney, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, and Johannesburg. Celebrated writers, artists, and academics pleaded for their pardon or for a new trial. Harvard law professor and future Supreme Court justice Felix Frankfurter argued for their innocence in a widely read Atlantic Monthly article that was later published in book form. Sacco And Vanzetti were scheduled to die in April 1927, accelerating the outcry. Responding to a massive influx of telegrams urging their pardon, Massachusetts governor Alvan T. Fuller appointed a three-man commission to investigate the case. After weeks of secret deliberation that included interviews with the judge, lawyers, and several witnesses, the commission upheld the verdict. Sacco And Vanzetti were executed in the electric chair just after midnight on August 23, 1927. Subsequent riots destroyed property in Paris, London, and other cities. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-age-of-ballyhoo-dvd-1920s-documentary-gloria-swa1920.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Clarence Darrow Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1925: Evolution: The Theory Of Evolution: Evolution Of Primates: Human Evolution (Anthropogeny, Anthropogenesis, Anthropogony): Christian Creationism: The Butler Act (An Act Prohibiting The Teaching Of The Evolution Theory In All The Universities, And All Other Public Schools Of Tennessee, Which Are Supported In Whole Or In Part By The Public School Funds Of The State, And To Provide Penalties For The Violations Thereof): The Scopes Trial (Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, The Scopes Monkey Trial): -- An arrest warrant is served on John T. Scopes for teaching evolution in violation of the Butler Act. The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he purposely incriminated himself so that the case could have a defendant. Scopes was found guilty and fined 100 USD (equal to 1395 USD in 2017), but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The trial served its purpose of drawing intense national publicity, as national reporters flocked to Dayton to cover the big-name lawyers who had agreed to represent each side. William Jennings Bryan, three-time presidential candidate, argued for the prosecution, while Clarence Darrow, the famed defense attorney, spoke for Scopes. The trial publicized the Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy, which set Modernists, who said evolution was not inconsistent with religion, against Fundamentalists, who said the word of God as revealed in the Bible took priority over all human knowledge. The case was thus seen as both a theological contest and a trial on whether "modern science" should be taught in schools. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/clarence-darrow-dvd-tv-documentaries.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: An American Adventure: The Rocket Pilots X-15 DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1930: #BOTD: #HBD! Michael J. Adams, United States Air Force Major, aviator, aeronautical engineer, and USAF astronaut, one of twelve pilots who flew the X-15, the first fatality of the US space program (d. November 15, 1967) is #born Michael James Adams on May 5, 1930 in Sacramento, California. He graduated from Sacramento Junior College. He enlisted in the United States Air Force in 1950, and earned his pilot wings and commission in 1952 at Webb Air Force Base, Texas. He served as a fighter-bomber pilot during the Korean War, where he flew 49 combat missions. This was followed by 30 months with the 613th Fighter-Bomber Squadron at England Air Force Base, Louisiana, and six months rotational duty at Chaumont Air Base in France. In 1958, Adams received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma and, after 18 months of astronautics study at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was selected in 1962 for the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Here, he won the A.B. Honts Trophy as the best scholar and pilot in his class. Adams subsequently attended the Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS), graduating with honors in December 1963. He was one of four Edwards aerospace research pilots to participate in a five-month series of NASA Moon landing practice tests at the Martin Company in Baltimore, Maryland. In November 1965, he was selected to be an astronaut in the United States Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. In July 1966, Major Adams came to the North American X-15 program, a joint USAF/NASA project. He made his first X-15 flight on October 6, 1966. On November 15, 1967, Michael J. Adams became the first American space mission fatality by the American convention, and the only fatality of the North American X-15 program, when during the 191st flight of the X-15 he lost control of his aircraf, the X-15-3, one of three planes in the X-15 fleet, which was destroyed mid-air near Johannesburg, California over the Mojave Desert. His remains are buried at the Mulhearn Memorial Park Cemetery, Monroe, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana. During X-15 Flight 191, Adams' seventh flight, the plane had an electrical problem followed by control problems at the apogee of its flight. The pilot may also have become disoriented. During reentry from a 266,000 ft (50.4 mile, 81.1 km, according to the United States definition of the boundary of space) apogee, the X-15 yawed and went into a spin at Mach 5. The pilot recovered, but went into a Mach 4.7 inverted dive. Excessive loading led to structural breakup at about 65,000 feet (19.8 km). He was the first American space mission fatality, and Adams was posthumously awarded astronaut wings, as his flight had passed an altitude of 50 miles (80.5 km), which according to the United States definition of an astronaut is a person who has flown more than 50 miles above mean sea level, while the international definition of the boundary of space, the Karman line, lies at an altitude of 62 miltes (100 km), and commonly represents the boundary between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/an-american-adventure-the-rocket-pilots-x15-d15.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Let It Be (1970) Beatles Final Film DVD, Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Michael Lindsay-Hogg, American-born television, film, music video, and theatre director and producer, pioneer in music film production, directing promotional films for the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, whose work with these bands branched out into film and theatre while still maintaining successful careers in television and music video production, probable son of Orson Welles, is #born in New York City in 1940 to actress Geraldine Fitzgerald. Sir Michael Edward Lindsay-Hogg, 5th Baronet began his career in British television. For most of his early life, he understood that his father was Fitzgerald's husband, Sir Edward Lindsay-Hogg, to whom she was married until 1946. When Michael Lindsay-Hogg was 16, his mother reluctantly divulged that there had been pervasive rumours that his father was Orson Welles, and she denied them-but in such detail that he was left confused and skeptical. Fitzgerald evaded the subject for the rest of her life. Lindsay-Hogg knew Welles, worked with him in the theatre, and met him at intervals throughout Welles's life. After he learned that Welles's oldest daughter, Chris, his childhood playmate, had long suspected that he was her brother, Lindsay-Hogg initiated a DNA test, which proved inconclusive. In his 2011 autobiography, Lindsay-Hogg reported that his questions were resolved by his mother's close friend Gloria Vanderbilt, who wrote that Fitzgerald had told her that Welles was his father. A 2015 Welles biography by Patrick McGilligan, however, argues that Welles could not be the father: Fitzgerald left the U.S. for Ireland in May 1939, and was pregnant at the time she returned in late October, while Welles did not travel overseas during that period. Lindsay-Hogg grew up with a stepfather, American businessman Stuart Scheftel, who married Fitzgerald in 1946. In 1965, he directed episodes of the British pop programme Ready Steady Go! featuring artists such as the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, and The Who. In addition to these he directed episodes of Blackmail, The Informer, A Man of Our Times, Half Hour Story, and The Company of Five, a series of television plays. He served as the series director of The Ronnie Barker Playhouse in 1968. In 1969, the episode Matakitas is Coming that he directed of the mystery/supernatural anthology series Journey to the Unknown was released as part of a TV movie. Through his work on Ready Steady Go!, Lindsay-Hogg became acquainted with some of the top rock artists of the day, and was subsequently hired to direct promotional films for their songs. Some of his early promo film work includes films for the Beatles' "Paperback Writer", "Rain", "Hey Jude", and "Revolution" and the Rolling Stones' "2000 Light Years from Home", "Jumpin' Jack Flash", and "Child of the Moon". His work on these and other films led Camerimage to award him a retrospective "Music Video Pioneer" award in 2012. The Rolling Stones liked his work, and he was approached in 1968 to direct a full-length television special. Lindsay-Hogg conceived The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus, featuring the Stones and other musicians playing in a circus atmosphere. The band was not completely satisfied with the result, and the film did not see release until 1996. Lindsay-Hogg was hired by the Beatles to direct a film. Originally conceived as a television special, Get Back was to feature footage of the Beatles recording a new album and rehearsing for a concert appearance. However, the film and album were shelved for a time following the Beatles' rooftop concert in January 1969. The Beatles returned to the project, and released the newly retitled Let It Be (1970) along with an album of the same name. Material originally captured for Lindsay-Hogg's 1970 documentary was used by Peter Jackson for the 2021 documentary series The Beatles: Get Back, which portrays more harmony than acrimony during those sessions. Following Let It Be, Lindsay-Hogg continued his work in UK television, directing both episodes and TV movies, including work on the TV serial Brideshead Revisited (1981). His work on the BBC series Play for Today and Play of the Week, and the serial Brideshead Revisited were each nominated for BAFTA awards, in 1974, 1978, and 1983, respectively, with Brideshead Revisited winning for Best Drama Series/Serial. His second feature film as director, Nasty Habits (1977), is a comedy satire of the Watergate scandal. His third theatrical film, The Sound of Murder, was released in 1982. Lindsay-Hogg continued directing music videos throughout the 1970s, including many for the Rolling Stones and Paul McCartney and Wings. In 1985, he directed the video for Whitney Houston's single "You Give Good Love". During the 1980s he returned to directing concert films, including Simon and Garfunkel's The Concert in Central Park, Neil Young's Neil Young in Berlin and Paul Simon, Graceland: The African Concert. Lindsay-Hogg's work in the 1980s also included directing TV movies of various plays and novels, including adaptations of Doctor Fischer of Geneva (1984), Master Harold...and the Boys (1985), As Is (1986), and The Little Match Girl (1987). Lindsay-Hogg's The Object of Beauty for the BBC's Screen Two series of television films received positive reviews in 1991, and his comedy/drama for HBO, Running Mates, was broadcast in 1992. Frankie Starlight (1995), which followed, was met with mixed reception. In 1994, he directed the Roger Daltrey concert film A Celebration: The Music of Pete Townshend and The Who. The VH1 television movie entitled Two of Us (2000) is a fictionalized account of the last meeting between John Lennon and Paul McCartney. He directed a film adaptation of Samuel Beckett's absurdist play Waiting for Godot (2001). In addition to his television and film work, Lindsay-Hogg is known for his work in theatre. He directed both the original 1978 stage production (for which he was nominated for a Tony Award) and 1980 revival of Whose Life Is It Anyway?. He also directed Broadway productions of Agnes of God (1982), and The Boys of Winter (1985). Off-Broadway, he helmed Larry Kramer's AIDS drama The Normal Heart in 1985. His autobiography entitled Luck and Circumstance: A Coming of Age in Hollywood, New York, and Points Beyond was published in 2011. It chronicles his career and his relationship with Orson Welles. After a long hiatus from television and film work, Lindsay-Hogg began directing the web series Tinsel's Town in 2015. Lindsay-Hogg married Lucy Mary Davies in 1967; they divorced in 1971. Lucy Lindsay-Hogg subsequently became the second wife of photographer Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, in 1978. For 10 years, in the 1970s, Lindsay-Hogg was romantically involved with British actress Jean Marsh. He had also been involved with Gloria Vanderbilt, who had assured Lindsay-Hogg that Orson Welles was his father. In 1999, he succeeded to the baronetcy of Rotherfield Hall in East Sussex after the death of his father Sir Edward Lindsay-Hogg, 4th Baronet. The 1984 American mockumentary rockumentary film Spinal Tap features a film producer character named Sir Denis Eton-Hogg, a name inspired by Sir Michael Edward Lindsay-Hogg's name, played by Patrick Macnee. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/let-it-be-1970-the-beatles-dvd-download-usb-flashd1970.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Life Of Python Monty Python's Flying Circus Special DVD, Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1943: #BOTD: #HBD! Michael Palin, English comedian, actor, writer, screenwriter and television presenter, best known for his tv and movie work as a member of Monty Python's Flying Circus, his own Ripping Yarns television series and a number of travel documentaries, is #born Michael Edward Palin in Ranmoor, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Sir Michael Edward Palin KCMG CBE FRGS FRSGS wrote most of his comedic material with fellow Python member Terry Jones. Before Monty Python, they had worked on other shows such as the Ken Dodd Show, The Frost Report, and Do Not Adjust Your Set. Palin appeared in some of the most famous Python sketches, including "Argument Clinic", "Dead Parrot sketch", "The Lumberjack Song", "The Spanish Inquisition", "Bicycle Repair Man" and "The Fish-Slapping Dance". Palin continued to work with Jones after Python, co-writing Ripping Yarns. He has also appeared in several films directed by fellow Python Terry Gilliam and made notable appearances in other films such as A Fish Called Wanda (1988), for which he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. In a 2005 poll to find The Comedians' Comedian, he was voted the 30th favourite by fellow comedians and comedy insiders. After Python, he began a new career as a travel writer and travel documentarian. His journeys have taken him across the world, including the North and South Poles, the Sahara Desert, the Himalayas, Eastern Europe and Brazil. In 2000 Palin was honoured as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services to television. From 2009 to 2012 Palin was the president of the Royal Geographical Society. On 12 May 2013, Palin was made a BAFTA fellow, the highest honour that is conferred by the organization. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/life-of-python-dvd-monty-python39s-flying-circus-documenta39.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Who Discovered America? Documentaries Set DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1944: #BOTD: #HBD! John Rhys-Davies, Welsh actor and screenwriter, best known for portraying Sallah in the Indiana Jones franchise and Gimli in The Lord of the Rings trilogy is #born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Rhys-Davies is also known for his performances in the films Victor/Victoria (1982), The Living Daylights (1987), The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004), and Aquaman (2018). He is also known for his extensive voice work including in Aladdin and the King of Thieves (1996), The Jungle Book 2 (2003), Gargoyles (1995-1996), and SpongeBob SquarePants (2000-2002). He portrayed Hades in Justice League (2002). He also gained acclaim for his television roles as Macro in I, Claudius (1976), Vasco Rodrigues in Shogun (1980), and Michael Malone in The Untouchables (1993). From 1995 to 1997 he portrayed Professor Maximillian Arturo in Sliders. He has received three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations with one win, and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/who-discovered-america-documentaries-2-dvd-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Secret War Historic WWII TV Series + Bonus Title DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1945: World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: The American Theater Of World War II (The Americas Theater Of World War II): Air Warfare Of World War II: Air Warfare Of The Pacific War: Balloon Warefare Of World War II: Balloon Warfare Of The Pacific War: The Fu-Go Balloon Bomb Aerial Bombing Campaign (Japanese: Fugo Heiki; "Code Fu Weapon", Fusen Bakudan, "Balloon Bomb"): -- The only Americans to killed in the continental United States during World War II occurs when six people are killed when a Japanese Fu-Go Balloon Bomb, the first ever weapon possessing intercontinental range (the second being the Convair B-36 Peacemaker and the third being the R-7 ICBM), explodes near Bly, Oregon during The Fu-Go Balloon Bomb Aerial Bombing Campaign, the longest ranged attacks ever conducted in the history of warfare up until that time, a record which was not broken until the 1982 Operation Black Buck raids during the Falkland Islands War. The Fu-Go Balloon Bomb was an incendiary balloon weapon consisted of a hydrogen-filled Mulberry paper balloon 33 feet (10 m) in diameter, with a payload of four 11-pound (5.0 kg) incendiary devices and one 33-pound (15 kg) high-explosive anti-personnel bomb. The uncontrolled balloons were carried over the Pacific Ocean from Japan to North America by fast, high-altitude air currents, today known as the jet stream, and used a sophisticated sandbag ballast system to maintain their altitude. The bombs were intended to ignite large-scale forest fires and spread panic. Between November 1944 and April 1945, the Imperial Japanese Army launched about 9,300 balloons from sites on coastal Honshu, of which about 300 were found or observed in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The bombs were ineffective as fire starters due to damp seasonal conditions, with no forest fires being attributed to the offensive. A U.S. media censorship campaign prevented the Imperial Army from learning of the offensive's results. Army Air Forces and Navy fighter planes were scrambled on several occasions to intercept balloons, but they had little success due to inaccurate sighting reports, bad weather, and the very high altitude at which they traveled. In all, only about 20 balloons were shot down by U.S. and Canadian pilots. Attempts to track radiosonde versions of the balloons (balloons equipped with radio transmitters that were used by Japan to track a given balooon's progress) produced 95 suspected signals, but they were of little use due to the very low proportion of balloons with transmitters, and the observed fading of signals as they approached. Experiments on recovered balloons in February 1945 to determine their radar reflectivity were unsuccessful. In the "Sunset Project", initiated in early April and fully operational by June, the Fourth Air Force attempted to detect balloons with search radars at ground-controlled interception sites in coastal Washington, but the project detected nothing and was cancelled in early August. Few American officials believed at first that the balloons could have come directly from Japan. Early U.S. theories speculated that they were launched from German prisoner of war camps or from Japanese-American internment centers. After bombs of Japanese origin were found, it was believed that the balloons were launched from coastal submarines. Statistical analysis of valve serial numbers suggested that tens of thousands of balloons had been produced. The mineral and diatom composition of sand from the sandbags was studied by the Military Geology Unit of the United States Geological Survey, which assessed its origin as Shiogama, Miyagi, or less likely, Ichinomiya, Chiba, only the latter being correct. The Japanese were not the only combatants to use balloon weaponry during World War II. Operation Outward was a British campaign of the Second World War that attacked Germany and German-occupied Europe with free-flying balloons. It made use of cheap, simple balloons filled with hydrogen and carrying either a trailing steel wire to damage high voltage power lines by producing a short circuit, or incendiary devices to start fires in fields, forests and heathland. A total of 99,142 Outward balloons were launched; about half carried incendiaries and half carried trailing wires. Compared to Japan's better-known fire balloons, Outward balloons were crude. They had to travel a much shorter distance so they flew at a lower altitude - 16,000 ft (4,900 m), compared with 38,000 ft (12,000 m) - and had only a simple mechanism to regulate altitude by means of dropping ballast or venting lifting gas. This meant the balloons were simple to mass-produce and only cost 35 shillings each (102PS / 126USD in 2024). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-secret-war-wwii-weaponry-tv-series-all-7-episodes-2-dv72.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The March Of Time Newsreel Set 1933-46 All 3 TV Series DVD, MP4, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1946: The Aftermath Of The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The International Military Tribunal For The Far East (IMTFE, The Tokyo Trials, The Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal): -- IMTFE begins its trial in Tokyo against former Prime Minister of Japan Hideki Tojo and twenty-eight Japanese military and government officials accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity. On April 29, 1946: The International Military Tribunal for the Far East convened and issued indictments of former Japanese leaders for war crimes. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trials or the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial convened to try the leaders of the Empire Of Japan for "Class A" crimes, which were reserved for those who participated in a joint conspiracy to start and wage war. Twenty-eight Japanese military and political leaders were charged with waging aggressive war and with responsibility for conventional war crimes. More than 5,700 lower-ranking personnel were charged with conventional war crimes in separate trials convened by Australia, China, France, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the United Kingdom and the United States. The charges covered a wide range of crimes including prisoner abuse, rape, sexual slavery, torture, ill-treatment of labourers, execution without trial and inhumane medical experiments. China held 13 tribunals, resulting in 504 convictions and 149 executions. The Japanese Emperor Hirohito and all members of The Imperial Family, such as career officer Prince Yasuhiko Asaka, were not prosecuted for involvement in any of the three categories of crimes. Herbert Bix explained, "The Truman Administration and General MacArthur both believed the occupation reforms would be implemented smoothly if they used Hirohito to legitimise their changes". As many as 50 suspects, such as Nobusuke Kishi, who later became Prime Minister, and Yoshisuke Aikawa, head of Nissan, were charged but released in 1947 and 1948. Shiro Ishii received immunity in exchange for data gathered from his experiments on live prisoners. The lone dissenting judge arguing to exonerate all arrested suspects was Indian jurist Radhabinod Pal. The tribunal was adjourned on November 12, 1948. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-march-of-time-dvd-set-all-3-tv-series-19334631933467.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: NATO: The Big Picture TV Documentary Series + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1955 (5/5/55): The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Allied Occupation Of Germany: The Bonn-Paris Conventions (The General Treaty) (Intergovernmental Organizations: International Organizations: Military Alliances: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; French: Organisation Du Traite De L'Atlantique Nord, OTAN; The North Atlantic Alliance): The North Atlantic Treaty (The Washington Treaty)): -- West Germany gains full sovereignty when The Bonn-Paris Conventions, signed in May 1952 by France, Britain and the United States, come into effect. The conventions put an end to the Allied occupation of West Germany. The delay between the signing and the ratification was due to the French failure to ratify the related treaty on the European Defense Community. This was eventually overcome by the British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden proposing that West Germany become a member of NATO and the removal of the references to the European Defense Community in the Bonn-Paris conventions. The revised treaty was signed at a ceremony in Paris on October 23, 1954. The conventions came into force during the last meeting of the Allied High Commission, that took place in the United States Embassy in Bonn, on May 5, 1955. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/nato-the-big-picture-tv-documentary-series-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: King: A Filmed Record: Montgomery To Memphis DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1969: Photography: The History Of Photography: Journalism: The History Of Journalism: Photojournalism: The History Of Photojournalism: American Journalism Awards: American Photojournalism ournalism Awards: The Pulitzer Prize For Photography: The Pulitzer Prize For Feature Photography: -- Moneta Sleet Jr., American press photographer best known for his work as a staff photographer for Ebony magazine (February 14, 1926 - September 30, 1996) becomes the first African American male to win a Pulitzer Prize generally, a Pulitzer award for journalism particularly and Pulitzer award for photojournalism especially when he is awarded The Pulitzer Prize For Feature Photography for his photograph of Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King Jr.'s widow, at her husband's funeral. Moneta J. Sleet Jr. was born in Owensboro, Kentucky. He was editor of the school newspaper at Western High School, his alma mater. He graduated cum laude from Kentucky State College (now Kentucky State University), a historically black college, in 1947 and went on to obtain a master's degree in journalism from New York University (NYU) in 1950. He also studied at the School of Modern Photography where he furthered his photography skills. During this same time Sleet served in an all-African American unit in World War II and was an assistant at a commercial operated studio. After his education at NYU he was a sport's journalist for the Amsterdam News in New York and then John P. Davis' magazine Our World. Sleet began working for Ebony magazine in 1955. Over the next 41 years, he captured photos of young Muhammad Ali, Dizzy Gillespie, Stevie Wonder, Haile Selassie, Jomo Kenyatta, former ambassador Andrew Young in a blue leather jacket and jeans in his office at the United Nations, Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, Liberia's William Tubman and Billie Holiday. He gained the affection and esteem of many civil rights leaders, many of whom called on him by name. When Coretta Scott King found out that no African American photographers had been assigned to cover her husband's funeral service, she demanded that Sleet be a part of the press pool. If he was not, she threatened to bar all photographers from the service. Besides his photo of Coretta Scott King, he also captured grieving widow Betty Shabazz at the funeral of her husband Malcolm X. A collection of his photographs in book form, Special Moments in African American History, 1955-1996: the Photographs of Moneta Sleet, Jr., Ebony Magazine's Pulitzer Prize Winner, was published posthumously in 1998. During Sleet's 41 years at Ebony, he also worked by Martin Luther King Jr's side for 13 years capturing historical moments of the civil rights movement. A famous image of Rosa Parks, MLK, Ralph Abernathy, Ralph Bunche, and Coretta Scott King leading marchers was captured by Moneta. He also captured images of MLK's I Have a Dream speech at the Lincoln Memorial, the march from Selma to Montgomery, and the Montgomery bus boycott. Sleet married his wife Juanita in 1950 and had two sons and one daughter: Gregory M. Sleet, a judge who used to be on the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, Lisa, and Michael Sleet. Sleet was also a member of Sigma Pi Phi, the oldest African American Greek-lettered organization, along with MLK. He was a part of an overseas press club so he took a lot of pictures of international world leaders. Sleet, while a resident of Baldwin, New York, died of cancer at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center on September 30, 1996. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/king-a-filmed-record--montgomery-to-memphis-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: High Crimes And Misdemeanors: The Iran-Contra Scandal DVD, MP4, USB
Today, May 5, 2026

May 5, 1987: Political Scandals Of The United States: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Iran-Iraq War: Iran-United States Relations: The Iran-Contra Affair (The Iran-Contra Scandal): -- Hearings begin before the joint Congressional Committees Investigating The Iran-Contra Affair and are televised live. The hearings ran from May 5, 1987 to August 6, 1987. The Iran-Contra Affair, also referred to as Irangate, Contragate or the Iran-Contra scandal, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration. Senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, which was the subject of an arms embargo. They hoped, thereby, to fund the Contras in Nicaragua while at the same time negotiating the release of several U.S. hostages. Under the Boland Amendment, further funding of the Contras by the government had been prohibited by Congress. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/high-crimes-and-misdemeanors-the-ironcontra-scandal-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Western Tradition TV Series DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5: Cinco de Mayo: -- May 5, 1862: Mexico: The History Of Mexico: French Interventions In Mexico (The Franco-Mexican Wars): The Second French Intervention In Mexico: The Battle Of Puebla (Spanish: Batalla De Puebla; French: Bataille De Puebla) (The Battle Of May 5 (Spanish: Batalla Del 5 dD Mayo) (Cinco De Mayo): -- Mexican troops under General Ignacio Zaragoza, outnumbered three to one, defeat the invading French forces of Napoleon III under the command of Charles de Lorencez near Puebla De Los Angeles. The French troops repeatedly failed to storm the forts of Loreto and Guadalupe, situated on top of the hills overlooking the city of Puebla, and eventually retreated to Orizaba in order to await reinforcements. Lorencez was dismissed from his command, and French troops under Elie Frederic Forey would eventually take the city, but the Mexican victory at Puebla against a better equipped force provided patriotic inspiration and much improved morale to the Mexicans. Zaragoza died months after the battle due to illness. A year after the battle, a larger French force defeated the Mexican army at the Second Battle of Puebla, and Mexico City soon fell to the invaders. In the United States, Cinco de Mayo has taken on a significance beyond that in Mexico, where the date has become associated with the celebration of Mexican-American culture. These celebrations began in California, where they have been observed annually since 1863. The day gained nationwide popularity in the 1980s thanks especially to advertising campaigns by beer and wine companies. Today, Cinco de Mayo generates beer sales on par with the Super Bowl. In Mexico, the commemoration of the battle continues to be mostly ceremonial, such as through military parades or battle reenactments. The city of Puebla marks the event with an arts festival, a festival of local cuisine, and re-enactments of the battle. Cinco De Mayo (Spanish: "The Fifth Of May), an annual celebration in Mexico of this Mexican Army victory, is primarily celebrated in the Mexican state of Puebla as El Dia De La Batalla De Puebla (Spanish: "The Day Of The Battle Of Puebla), and it has some limited recognition as well in other parts of the country; however, it is currently more popular in the United States than Mexico, where Cinco De Mayo has evolved into a holiday celebration of Mexican heritage and culture, particularly of its food, drink and music, all of which have grown, and continues to grow, very popular in America. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-western-tradition-dvd-set-all-52-shows-13-d5213.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Japan: A Cherry Blossom By Many Other Names MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5: Children's Day (Japanese: Kodomo No Hi): -- A Japanese holiday celebrated on May 5 every year. It is meant to respect children's individuality and to celebrate their happiness. Kodomo no Hi was deemed a national holiday in 1948 by the Japanese government but has been celebrated for much longer. On this day, families raise 'koinobori,' or carp-shaped windsocks, with different colored carps for different members of the family. Before switching over to the Gregorian calendar, the holiday was celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon in the Chinese calendar. Kodomo no Hi was first celebrated as Tango no Sekku and was one of the five annual ceremonies held at the imperial court, called Gosekku. It is the Japanese equivalent of Double Fifth and was celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon in the Chinese calendar. The date was moved to May 5 when Japan switched over to the Gregorian calendar. It is believed that Tango no Sekku was first celebrated during the reign of Empress Suiko, the 33rd monarch of Japan. It was first assigned to the fifth day of the fifth month after the Nara period in Japanese history. Until 1948, Tango no Sekku was known as Boys' Day, with a separate Girls' Day. However, on March 3, 1948, the Japanese government declared that this day was to be a national holiday, renamed Kodomo no Hi, meant to celebrate the happiness of all children, regardless of gender, and to express gratitude for mothers. On this day, families raise koinobori, or carp-shaped windsocks, with a black carp to represent the father, a red or pink carp to represent the mother, and one green, orange, or blue carp for each child in the family. This tradition is based on a Chinese legend of a carp swimming upstream and becoming a dragon. https://store.earthstation1.com/japan-a-cherry-blossom-by-many-other-names-mp4-video-download-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Cable Age Classics III DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5: Nail Day: -- A day to flirt with those beautiful nails with vibrant acrylic colors and precise shapes. Do you have long nails that need some color, or do you love to put on some fake nails flaunting the smoothest and catchiest colors? Then this is a day for celebration. Elegant Touch, a brand that develops fake nails, created this day to celebrate acrylic nails. But over time, it developed into a day to decorate the nails in the best way possible. This year, we are joining the fun and will help you learn more about the day and how to make the most of it. Caring for nails is not something new. Ming Dynasty manuscripts have historical records about the use of nail polish during 3000 B.C. People from Babylon used to have manicures some 5,000 years ago. They used gold tools to do this. It was mostly something associated with the nobility. Nail colors were used to represent status in various civilizations all over the world. The people with the highest social status in Egypt painted their nails red to indicate the same. Even military commanders used nail polish to decorate their nails. Before nail polish, Indians used pigments from the henna plant to decorate their nails. Henna produces a brownish-red pigment that won't fade for a few days. The first nail polish in history came from China. They used a mix of beeswax, egg whites, gelatine, and dyes extracted from flower petals in 3000 B.C. Roses and orchids were popular choices for nail polish in China. These decorations also demonstrated a person's wealth and social status. All over the world, red-colored nails were common among the rich in the old days. Michelle Menard, a makeup artist in France, introduced glossy nail polish in the 1920s. Later, in 1932, Revlon launched the modern version of nail polish and made manicures accessible to the public. The fake nails were an accidental discovery. In 1954, Fred Slack, a dentist, created the first artificial nail that had a realistic look. He perfected the invention over time and patented a successful version. That was the start of a manicure revolution that is still going on by redefining styles. https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-cable-age-classics-iii-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: From D-Day To Victory In Europe TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5: Liberation Day (Dutch: "Bevrijdingsdag"): -- Celebrates peace and security at it marks the end of the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands of The Second World War. Liberation Day is celebrated with much fanfare with events, veterans parades, and music festivals throughout the Netherlands. The Second World War began in 1939 and lasted until 1945. In 1940, the Dutch foreign policy was neutrality, as it had been for a century. The nation's policy was to avoid international conflicts until it was attacked, a strategy that worked for them in the past. However, World War II was a different story when Nazi Germany invaded the country. One may wonder why German forces invaded the Netherlands. Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, which led to Great Britain and France declaring a war on Germany. This event marked the beginning of World War II that would ultimately have devastating effects and destroy lives, land, and property for the next six years. The occupation of the Netherlands was part of a larger picture. Adolf Hitler's goal was to conquer France by bypassing the French defense line at the eastern border by going through the Netherlands and Belgium. Furthermore, by occupying the Netherlands, Hitler could prevent England from setting up a base of operations there. After being occupied for several years, in 1945, the army troops of America, Canada, Britain, and Poland entered the Netherlands from the east and succeeded in liberating the eastern and northern provinces. Ultimately, on May 5, an agreement was reached between General Charles Foulkes of the Canadian forces and the German general Johannes Blaskowitz for the surrender of the German forces at Hotel de Wereld in Wageningen. However, even after the surrender, some German troops remained on Dutch soil until May 8. Nevertheless, that's how Liberation Day came into being and why it is celebrated on May 5, as it marks the date of the German surrender. It is interesting to note that Liberation Day was made an annual observance only after 1990 - up until then it was observed every five years. https://store.earthstation1.com/from-dday-to-victory-in-europe-dvd-complete-2-part-tv-serie2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Birth Of Europe: Ice Age To 20th Century DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5: Europe Day (Council Of Europe): -- On May 5, 1964, The Council of Europe declares May 5 as Europe Day, a continent-wide celebration of peace and unity in Europe in May every year, on two separate dates. The European Union celebrates the day on May 9, while the Council of Europe celebrates it on May 5. Europe Day is a time to celebrate Europe's rich history while planning for its future. It celebrates the unity among the countries in the European Union while challenging people to reflect on the issues that affect it. On Europe Day, European citizens are made to feel closer to each other. Countries within the union strengthen their ties and citizens can overcome any sense of distance they feel from the various European countries. The Council of Europe, the international organization founded to uphold democracy in Europe, first created Europe Day in 1964. May 5 was chosen to celebrate the first Europe Day because it was the day the Council of Europe was created. It wasn't until later that the European Union established May 9 as their own Europe Day in honor of the 1950 Schuman Declaration. This is why some people refer to Europe Day as Schuman Day. The Schuman Declaration or Schuman Plan was a proposal by the French Foreign Minister, Robert Schuman, to place the French and West German production of coal and steel under a single authority that would later be opened to other European authorities. The Schuman Declaration was important because, as Schuman asserted, the coming together of the countries of Europe would not be possible without ending the age-old opposition of France and Germany, a rivalry that was eliminated by uniting their coal and steel resources. The six founding members of the Schuman Declaration signed the Treaty of Paris, which created the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951. The European Coal and Steel Community was Europe's first supranational community, and it paved the way for the European Economic Community, and eventually, the European Union. So, we can say that the Schuman Declaration was responsible for uniting all of Europe under the European Union. Europe Day celebrates the peace and unity that the Schuman Declaration established. After the European Union was founded, more countries started observing Europe Day. Germany even extended it to Europe Week. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-birth-of-europe-european-history-from-the-ice-age-to-20th-centu20.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Napoleon's Last Battle: The Memorial Of Saint Helena MP4 Download DVD
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5, 1821: #DOTD: Napoleon Bonaparte, French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars (b. August 15, 1769) #dies in exile on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean of what was generally believed then and now to have been caused by stomach cancer. As Napoleon, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. He is considered one of the greatest commanders in history, and his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has endured as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history. He was born Napoleone di Buonaparte in Corsica on 15 August 1769 to a relatively modest family of Italian ancestry from the minor nobility. He was serving as an artillery officer in the French army when the French Revolution erupted in 1789. He rapidly rose through the ranks of the military, seizing the new opportunities presented by the Revolution and becoming a general at age 24. The French Directory eventually gave him command of the Army of Italy after he suppressed a revolt against the government from royalist insurgents. At age 26, he began his first military campaign against the Austrians and their Italian allies, winning virtually every battle, conquering the Italian Peninsula in a year, and becoming a war hero in France. In 1798, he led a military expedition to Egypt that served as a springboard to political power. He orchestrated a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the Republic. His ambition and public approval inspired him to go further, and he became the first Emperor of the French in 1804. Intractable differences with the British meant that the French were facing a Third Coalition by 1805. Napoleon shattered this coalition with decisive victories in the Ulm Campaign and a historic triumph over the Russian Empire and Austrian Empire at the Battle of Austerlitz which led to the Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1806, the Fourth Coalition took up arms against him because Prussia became worried about growing French influence on the continent. Napoleon quickly defeated Prussia at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt, then marched his Grande Armee deep into Eastern Europe and annihilated the Russians in June 1807 at the Battle of Friedland. France then forced the defeated nations of the Fourth Coalition to sign the Treaties of Tilsit in July 1807, bringing an uneasy peace to the continent. Tilsit signified the high watermark of the French Empire. In 1809, the Austrians and the British challenged the French again during the War of the Fifth Coalition, but Napoleon solidified his grip over Europe after triumphing at the Battle Of Wagram in July. Napoleon then invaded the Iberian Peninsula, hoping to extend the Continental System and choke off British trade with the European mainland, and declared his brother Joseph Bonaparte the King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support. The Peninsular War lasted six years, featured extensive guerrilla warfare, and ended in victory for the Allies. The Continental System caused recurring diplomatic conflicts between France and its client states, especially Russia. The Russians were unwilling to bear the economic consequences of reduced trade and routinely violated the Continental System, enticing Napoleon into another war. The French launched a major invasion of Russia in the summer of 1812. The campaign destroyed Russian cities but resulted in the collapse of the Grande Armee and inspired a renewed push against Napoleon by his enemies. In 1813, Prussia and Austria joined Russian forces in the War Of The Sixth Coalition against France. A lengthy military campaign culminated in a large Allied army defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, but his tactical victory at the minor Battle of Hanau allowed retreat onto French soil. The Allies then invaded France and captured Paris in the spring of 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April. He was exiled to the island of Elba off the coast of Tuscany, and the Bourbon dynasty was restored to power. However, Napoleon escaped from Elba in February 1815 and took control of France once again. The Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition which defeated him at the Battle of Waterloo in June. The British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he died six years later at the age of 51. Napoleon's influence on the modern world brought liberal reforms to the numerous territories that he conquered and controlled, such as the Low Countries, Switzerland, and large parts of modern Italy and Germany. He implemented fundamental liberal policies in France and throughout Western Europe. His Napoleonic Code has influenced the legal systems of more than 70 nations around the world. British historian Andrew Roberts states: "The ideas that underpin our modern world - meritocracy, equality before the law, property rights, religious toleration, modern secular education, sound finances, and so on - were championed, consolidated, codified and geographically extended by Napoleon. To them he added a rational and efficient local administration, an end to rural banditry, the encouragement of science and the arts, the abolition of feudalism and the greatest codification of laws since the fall of the Roman Empire.". https://store.earthstation1.com/napoleon39s-last-battle-the-memorial-of-saint-helena-mp4-download-394.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Axis Armor: Tanks Of Nazi Germany Japan & Italy MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5, 1936: The Interwar Period (The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Italo-Ethiopian War (The Italo-Abyssinian War, The Italian Invasion Of Ethiopia, The Italian Invasion Of Abyssinia): The Second Italo-Ethiopian War (The Second Italo-Abyssinian War): The March Of The Iron Will (Italian: Marcia Della Ferrea Volonta): -- Italian troops occupy the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa after the military legerdemain that was the culmination of this Fascist Italian propaganda event staged from April 26 to May 5, 1936 during the final days of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Its goal was to capture the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa in a show of force. An Italian mechanized column under the command of Pietro Badoglio, Marshal of Italy, advanced from the town of Dessie to take Addis Ababa. The march covered a distance of approximately 200 miles (320 km). https://store.earthstation1.com/axis-armor-tanks-of-nazi-germany-japan-amp-italy-mp4-video-download-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5: Liberation Day (Patriots' Victory Day) (Ethiopia) -- May 5, 1941: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Mediterranean And Middle East Theater Of World War II: The East African Campaign (The Abyssinian Campaign): -- Emperor Haile Selassie returns to Addis Ababa, exactly five years after the fascist forces entered the city, and makes a personal addres to the Ethiopian people: "Today is the day on which we defeated our enemy. Therefore, when we say let us rejoice with our hearts, let not our rejoicing be in any other way but in the spirit of Christ. Do not return evil for evil. Do not indulge in the atrocities [that] the enemy has been practicing in his usual way, even to the last. Take care not to spoil the good name of Ethiopia by acts [that] are worthy of the enemy. We shall see that our enemies are disarmed and sent out the same way they came. As Saint George who killed the dragon is the Patron Saint of our army as well as of our allies, let us unite with our allies in everlasting friendship and amity in order to be able to stand against the godless and cruel dragon [that] has newly risen and is oppressing mankind." The country commemorates these events and this date as Liberation Day or Patriots' Victory Day (Arbegnoch Qen" "Patriots' Day"). https://store.earthstation1.com/winston-churchill-the-valiant-years-dvd-set-all-26-shows-7-d267.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Columbus & The Age Of Discovery TV Series + Bonus MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5, 1494: The Age Of Discovery (The Age Of Exploration): The Voyages Of Christopher Columbus: The Second Voyage Of Christopher Columbus: Columbus' Discovery Of Jamaica: -- Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Jamaica (called "Xaymaca" by the indigenous Taino, meaning "Land Of Springs") at Discovery Bay, names the island Santiago, claims it for Spain, and uses it as a mini-state for his family as The Colony Of Santiago, a Spanish territory of the Spanish West Indies and within the Viceroyalty of New Spain. On September 25 , 1493, The Second Voyage Of Christopher Columbus began as Christopher Columbus set sail from Cadiz, Spain with a fleet much larger than the first voyage: two naos and 15 caravels. The two naos were the flagship Marigalante ("Gallant Mary")[r] and the Gallega; the caravels were the Fraila ('the nun'), San Juan, Colina ('the hill'), Gallarda ('the gallant'), Gutierre, Bonial, Rodriga, Triana, Vieja ('the old'), Prieta ('the brown'), Gorda ('the fat'), Cardera, and Quintera.[80] The Nina returned for this expedition, which also included a ship named Pinta probably identical to that from the first expedition. In addition, the expedition saw the construction of the first ship in the Americas, the Santa Cruz or India. The stated purpose of this voyage was to convert the indigenous Americans to Christianity. Before Columbus left Spain, he was directed by Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain friendly, even loving, relations with the natives. https://store.earthstation1.com/columbus-and-the-age-of-discovery-epic-7-hourlong-episode-tv-serie7.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Wonders Of Ellora: John Seely's Travels In India DVD MP4 USB
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5, 1944: #BOTD: #HBD! Roger Rees, Welsh actor and director, widely known for his stage work (d. July 10, 2015) is #born in Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, Wales. He won an Olivier Award and a Tony Award for his performance as the lead in The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby. He also received Obie Awards for his role in The End of the Day and as co-director of Peter and the Starcatcher. Rees was posthumously inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in November 2015. He was widely known to American television audiences for playing the characters Robin Colcord in Cheers and Lord John Marbury in The West Wing. Americans also know him as the Sheriff of Rottingham in Mel Brooks' Robin Hood: Men in Tights. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-wonders-of-ellora-john-seely-in-india-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Sitting Bull & The Great Sioux Nation + Bonus Title MP4 Download DVD
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5, 1877: The Battle Of The Little Bighorn (The Battle Of Little Bighorn, The Battle Of The Greasy Grass, Custer's Last Stand: The Canadian Exile Of Sitting Bull And His Lakota Sioux: -- Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles. Before the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull had a vision in which he saw many soldiers, "as thick as grasshoppers," falling upside down into the Lakota camp, which his people took as a foreshadowing of a major victory in which many soldiers would be killed. About three weeks later, the confederated Lakota tribes with the Northern Cheyenne defeated the 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer on June 25, 1876, annihilating Custer's battalion and seeming to bear out Sitting Bull's prophetic vision. Sitting Bull's leadership inspired his people to a major victory. In response, the US government sent thousands more soldiers to the area, forcing many of the Lakotas to surrender over the next year. But Sitting Bull refused to surrender, and during May 1877 he led his band north to Wood Mountain, North-Western Territory (now Saskatchewan). He remained there until 1881, at which time he and most of his band returned to US territory and surrendered to U.S. forces. Nelson Appleton Miles (August 8, 1839 - May 15, 1925) was an American military general who served in the American Civil War, the American Indian Wars, and the Spanish-American War. From 1895 to 1903, he served as the last Commanding General of the United States Army before the office was abolished. His efforts to subdue the Sioux led to Sitting Bull's death and the massacre of about 300 Sioux. This included women and children at Wounded Knee on December 29, 1890. Miles was not directly involved at Wounded Knee and was critical of the commanding officer. Just two days after the event, Miles wrote to his wife, describing Wounded Knee as "the most abominable criminal military blunder and a horrible massacre of women and children". After his retirement from the army, he fought for compensation payments to the survivors of the massacre; nevertheless, he believed that the United States should have authority over the Indians, with the Lakota under military control. https://store.earthstation1.com/sitting-bull-amp-the-great-sioux-nation-dvd-mp4-download-usb-flash-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: I Want My Music TV! 1980s Music Television Videos MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5, 1945: #BOTD: #HBD! Kurt Loder, American entertainment journalist and critic, author, columnist and television personality, is #born in Ocean City, New Jersey. He served in the 1980s as editor at Rolling Stone, during a tenure that Reason later called "legendary". He has contributed to articles in Reason, Esquire, Details, New York, and Time. He has also made cameos on several films and television series. He is best known for his role at MTV News since the 1980s and for appearing in other MTV-related television specials. He has hosted the SiriusXM radio show True Stories since 2016. https://store.earthstation1.com/i-want-my-music-tv-dvd-late-1980s-vi1980.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Offshore Pirate Radio 1960s-1980s MP3s DVD, Audio Download, USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026
( #JCKaelin here: In 2020, Millie's daughter @jaeleesmall corrected me on Twitter about her mom's birth year, which is 1947, not 1946 as had been listed on Wikipedia and elsewhere at that time; together, we got the net to get around to record her birth year right thereafter ;) ) ========= May 5, 2020: #DOTD: #RIP: Millie Small, African Jamaican singer and songwriter, best known for her 1964 recording of "My Boy Lollipop", which reached number two in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 (b. October 6, 1947) #dies of a stroke in London, England at the age of 72. Millie Small died of a stroke in London, England at the age of 72. Her burial details are not publicly disclosed. She was born Millicent Dolly May Small in Clarendon, Jamaica, the daughter of a sugar plantation overseer. On her UK records, Millicent Dolly May Small CD was usually credited mononymously as Millie. She was the Caribbean's first international recording star, and its most successful female performer. Screaming Lord Sutch was a fan, and played "My Boy Lollipop", along with some cheeky innuendo during the outro, on his offshore pirate radio station "Radio Sutch", located in the Shivering Sands Army Fort near the Thames estuary. https://store.earthstation1.com/offshore-pirate-radio-2-dual-layer-mp3-dvds-uk-amp-euro23.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old Time Radio Comedy MegaSet MP3 Collection DVD, Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5, 1915: #BOTD: #HBD! Alice Faye, American actress and singer, described by The New York Times as "one of the few movie stars to walk away from stardom at the peak of her career", second wife of actor and comedian Phil Harris, star of The Phil Harris-Alice Faye Show radio series which ran on NBC from 1948 to 1954 (d. May 9, 1998) is #born Alice Jeanne Leppert in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan. Alice Jeane Faye is often associated with the Academy Award-winning standard "You'll Never Know", which she introduced in the 1943 musical film Hello, Frisco, Hello. Faye was married twice and had two daughters. She married actor and singer Tony Martin in 1937, and they divorced in 1940. She married actor Phil Harris in 1941, a union which lasted until his death in 1995. Alice Faye died of stomach cancer in Rancho Mirage, California, four days after her 83rd birthday. She was cremated and her ashes rest beside those of Phil Harris at the mausoleum of the Forest Lawn Cemetery (Cathedral City) near Palm Springs, California. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in recognition of her contribution to Motion Pictures at 6922 Hollywood Boulevard. In 1994, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to her. The Phil Harris-Alice Faye Show remains a favorite of old-time radio collectors. https://store.earthstation1.com/old-time-radio-comedy-mp3-dvd-megaset-2-dis32.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Women Of Courage: The WASP Aviators Of WWII DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5, 1922: #BOTD: #HBD! Lillian Yonally, Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) aviator (d. December 30, 2021) is #born in Lynn, Massachusetts. The oldest of two daughters, she lived with her father and grandparents in New Bedford, Massachusetts until age 14. Her summers were spent at the beach with her mother and younger sister in Halifax, Canada. Boating, sailing, and swimming were favorite activities, but Lillian's eyes turned skyward after she had the chance to sit up front at the controls of an airplane that her aunt and uncle were piloting to New York. At age 15, she began to learn how to fly in Piper Cubs at an airport in Rochester, Massachusetts. After four years of boarding school, Lillian moved to New York City where she attended the Katharine Gibbs Secretarial School while taking flying lessons on Long Island. She earned her private pilot's license at Roosevelt Field in September 1941. After graduating from Katharine Gibbs, Lillian worked briefly for Pan Am and then Grumman Aviation Engineering in Bethpage. During this time, Lillian worked as an air control operator at Grumman, sometimes assisting Charles Lindbergh, amongst others, who flew in and out of the field there. Before the outbreak of the war, and with tensions growing over the involvement of the United States in the worldwide conflict, Lillian continued flying. She applied to the U.S. Army Air Corps for a new program being developed that sought to recruit and train civilian female pilots to fly military aircraft for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). The program was implemented so that women could relieve male pilots from stateside flying duties, hence freeing men for overseas combat operations. Started as a civilian unit after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the program was begun in a time of emergency with the intent to militarize the woman's unit at a later time. Regardless, Lillian wanted to fly for her country and shortly after her 21st birthday, with the minimum of 35 hours required to join the program at that time, she received a telegram accepting her into the Women's Flight Training Detachment (later known as the WASP, or Women Airforce Service Pilots). Prior to reporting to Avenger Field in Sweetwater, Texas for training, Lillian borrowed money from her boss, completed her physical at Mitchel Field, L.I. and flew to Ft. Worth, TX where she boarded a train to Sweetwater. During her training at Avenger Field, Lillian attended ground school, flew primary, basic and advanced trainers and followed all of the program's rigorous military protocols. Advancing through all three phases of training, Lillian graduated with Class 43-7, the seventh class of 1943. Aware of the dangers involved in flying military aircraft, Lillian put fear behind her and focused on completing the program. "I was not afraid and did not waste time on worrying. Life is to be lived!" said Lillian. After graduation, WASP Yonally was assigned to be one of 20 women trained to fly the Mitchell B-25 medium bomber at Mather Field in Sacramento. "I never dreamed I would be flying a bomber, but I loved it. It was a great airplane_fun to fly_ and it made the most glorious racket! she exclaimed. When one of her fellow classmates dropped out of the B-25 program to get married, Lillian thought it was an unwise choice_. saying, "You can always get married, but you can't always fly a B-25!" Graduating from Mather, Lillian achieved her instrument and commercial ratings and from there she was assigned to the training command at March Field in Riverside, California where she towed targets over the Mojave. Here, ground troops fired live ammunition at fabric sleeves that trailed some 30 feet behind her plane, as Lillian strafed the troops below. She also flew nighttime searchlight missions in the SBD Dauntless. After the WASPs were suddenly disbanded in December 1944, Lillian was sent to Hamilton Field where she caught a ride in a B-24 part of the way home, returning to the East Coast on Christmas Eve. After the WASP, she worked for Sperry Gyroscope in Mineola and lived in neighboring Garden City on Long Island. There, she owned an airplane with three other pilots, which she would fly every fourth weekend via Montauk Point to visit her family in New Bedford, near Cape Cod. Eventually, Lillian sold her share of the airplane and in 1946 she married Jim Yonally, who she had met earlier in California while towing targets. While raising her six children in the 1950s and 60s, Lillian rarely spoke of her service with the WASP, but in the 1970s, when the government announced that they would be training the first American women to fly military aircraft, she began to open up. Working for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Lillian helped in the hard-fought effort to grant the WASP retroactive military status, which they were finally awarded in 1977. "I was proud to be part of the WASP. You do something like this, and it does change your life. It gives you a feeling of independence and capability. Nothing has ever slowed me down. I drive right through. It's part of that 'You can do it!' business." Three decades later, in March 2010, Lillian and family attended the ceremony in Washington D.C. awarding the Women Airforce Service Pilots of World War II the Congressional Gold Medal. In later years, she loved her visits to Manhattan to see the Rockettes with her grandkids and daughter. "I love New York City. I have the same feel for it as when I was 18!" she exclaimed. Lillian Lorraine Yonally passed away peacefully in her sleep at the age of 99 in Cohoes, New York. She was a mother of six, and grandmother, proud to have left behind the legacy "You can do anything you set your mind to." (Source: Lillian Yonally - A Life in Color by Julia Lauria-Blum, published Metropolitian Airport News website, January 11, 2022.) https://store.earthstation1.com/women-of-courage-the-wasp-aviators-of-wwii-dvd-mp4-download-usb-driv5.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Birth Of Europe: Ice Age To 20th Century DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, May 5, 2026
May 5, 1944: #DOTD: #RIP: Bertha Benz, beautiful and brilliant German automotive pioneer and the business partner and wife of automobile inventor Karl Benz, inventor of brake lining, who on August 5, 1888 became the first person in history to drive an automobile over a long distance by driving the Benz Patent-Motorwagen Number 3 of 1886, a three-wheeled automobile, a distance of about 104 km (65 miles) from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back again, a journey commemorated as the Bertha Benz Memorial Route since 2008 (b. May 3, 1849) #dies at age 95 in her village in Ladenburg, whose most famous residents were her husband Carl Benz and herself, where she is buried in Ladenburg Cemetery; The Bertha Benz Memorial Route runs through the town. Bertha Benz was born Bertha Ringer in Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Confederation. As a result of the publicity of her long-distance drive, he brought the Benz Patent-Motorwagen worldwide attention and got the company its first sales. Bertha Ringer was born in 1849 to a wealthy family in Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. Bertha Benz was not allowed to study in the Grand Duchy of Baden, so the world is left to wonder what other engineering and other achievements this deprived her of. Her financial and practical engineering contributions have long been overlooked until the 21st century. Two years before her marriage to Karl Benz, she used part of her dowry to invest in his failing iron construction company. As an unmarried woman, she was able to do so; after she married Benz, according to German law, Bertha lost her legal power to act as an investor. On July 20, 1872, Bertha Ringer married Karl Benz. As he moved on to a new manufacturing venture, Benz and Cie, he continued to use her dowry as financial support. He finished his work on his first horseless carriage in December 1885. Although Bertha financed the development process, and would hold patent rights under modern law, as a married woman she was not allowed to apply for the patent. Together they had five children: Eugen (born 1873), Richard (1874), Clara (1877), Thilde (1882), and Ellen (1890). In 1886, Benz presented the Patent Motorwagen automobile to the world. Within the decade, 25 vehicles had been built. With cutting-edge bicycle constructions, the Model I was the original Patent Motor Car and the world's first automobile. When 39-year-old Bertha Benz drove from Mannheim to Pforzheim with her sons Richard and Eugen, thirteen and fifteen years old respectively, in a Model III, she went without telling her husband and without permission of the authorities, thus becoming the first person to drive an automobile over a real distance, and the first to do so illegally. Before this historic trip, motorized drives were merely very short trial drives, returning to the point of origin, made with mechanical assistants. Following wagon tracks, this pioneering tour had a one-way distance of about 106 km (66 mi). Although the ostensible purpose of the trip was to visit her mother, Bertha Benz had other motives: to prove to her husband-who had failed to consider marketing his invention adequately-that the automobile in which they both had heavily invested would become a financial success once it was shown to be useful to the general public; and to give her husband the confidence that his constructions had a future. She left Mannheim around dawn, solving numerous problems along the way. Bertha demonstrated her significant technical capabilities on this journey. With no fuel tank and only a 4.5-litre supply of petrol in the carburetor, she had to find ligroin, the petroleum solvent needed for the car to run. It was only available at apothecary shops, so she stopped in Wiesloch at the city pharmacy to purchase the fuel. At the time petrol and other fuels could only be bought from chemists (drug stores in American English) and so this is how the chemist in Wiesloch became the first fuel station in the world. She cleaned a blocked fuel line with her hat pin and used her garter as isolation material. A blacksmith had to help mend a chain at one point. When the wooden brakes began to fail Benz visited a cobbler to install leather, making the world's first pair of brake pads. An evaporative cooling system was employed to cool the engine, making water supply a big worry along the trip. The trio added water to their supply every time they stopped. The car's two gears were not enough to surmount uphill inclines and Eugen and Richard often had to push the vehicle up steep roads. Benz reached Pforzheim somewhat after dusk, notifying her husband of her successful journey by telegram. She drove back to Mannheim several days later. The novel trip received a great deal of publicity, as she had sought. The drive was a key event in the technical development of the automobile. The pioneering couple introduced several improvements after Bertha's experiences. She reported everything that had happened along the way and made important suggestions, such as the introduction of an additional gear for climbing hills and brake linings to improve brake-power. Her trip proved to the burgeoning automotive industry that test drives were essential to their business. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-birth-of-europe-european-history-from-the-ice-age-to-20th-centu20.html